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Abstract

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common cancer in Iraq. The status of the bladder urothelium other than the principal lesions can provide distinct diagnostic information with regard to treatment response and outcome. Positive mucosal biopsy results are a significant indicator of intravesical recurrence. Currently, in our urological practice, the importance of performing this step in cystoscopy is relatively underestimated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to carry out a histological assessment of 'extra-tumor' bladder mucosa for dysplasia, and correlate the resulting findings of dysplasia with the grade, the type, and the macroscopic appearance of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 350 biopsies were taken by cystoscopy from 68 patients admitted with bladder tumors, either by cold-cupped biopsy forceps or resectoscope as part of TUR of the tumor. Normal-looking mucosa of the bladder was included in each patient's biopsy in a four quadrant way. All biopsies were examined by the same histopathologist. All patients were managed according to their presentation, cystoscopic and histopathological findings. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the highest significant difference was obtained in patients with tumor grade, low against high grade (p

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